Organic Chemistry
General organic chemistry Solutions
Chemistry Activity - Part II
Cannon Spring 2022
1. You've learned that covalent bonds are one type of intramolecular bond. They occur between nonmetal atoms in
a molecule. You have also read about hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are weak attractive forces between polar
molecules containing strong polar bonds such as H-O, H-N or H-F.
HH
O
H
H
a. Label at least 2 covalent bonds in the diagram.
b. Label at least one hydrogen bond in the diagram.
c. Explain to your group members how/why hydrogen bonds form.
H
H
H
O-H
2. O2 and NH3 are both small covalent molecules found in cells. NH3 is extremely soluble in the aqueous
environment of the cell, while Oz is relatively insoluble. What is the basis for this difference in solubility between
the two molecules? In reaching your answer, draw the structures of the molecules as valence shell diagrams. Given
these diagrams, consider the types of interactions each molecule could have with water. (See Figure 2.8)
3. Compounds that have the capacity to form hydrogen bonds with water are said to be hydrophilic (water loving).
Those without this capacity are hydrophobic (water fearing). Are the following molecules hydrophilic or
hydrophobic? Explain your answer.
H
HC
OH
H-C-C
OH
HT
H
O
H
H
OH
H
HO
H-
H
H
H
H
OH
H
C
-H
I
OH
)
H
H
H
CH OH
