Biology Questions

What is the difference between a memorized presentation and an extemporaneous presentation Which one is more effective Why

What are the two serological tests that we used to test for COVID 19 PCR and ELISA ELISA and Microneutralization Microneutralization and rRT PCR

Why do we use positive control in the reaction To use it as a benchmark result for the unknown test sample To test the efficiency of the PCR To test for viral RNA Both To use it as a benchmark result for the unknown test sample and To test the efficiency of th

Although the ELISA test is a powerful technique some of its disadvantages are the relatively long time to obtain a result and its inability to test for an active immune response against an infection True False

What does real time mean in rRT PCR A relatively small amount of PCR product can be quantified All of these choices It can be used to screen for results in Real Time We can monitor the progress of a PCR while its running

Describe the genetic material of SARS CoV 2 O ds DNA ve sense ssRNA ve sense ssRNA 5 DNA Question 4 1 point Listen Why do we use no template control in the reaction To screen for CDNA To test for viral RNA To screen for any contamination in the reagents

What is an amplicon O Target ds DNA none of these ss DNA Target ss viral RNA

What are the assay controls in this experiment Positive control negative control and no template control Internal control negative control No controls were used Positive control no template control Question 2 1 point Listen Which of the following is not a component of rRT PCR DNA probe virus particle Primers Reverse transcriptase

Which of the following is not a component of rRT PCR DNA probe virus particle Primers Reverse transcriptase Reaction Buffer

Why do we use no template control in the reaction To screen for cDNA To test for viral RNA To screen for any contamination in the reagents To screen for other nucleic acid in the reaction

Fluorescent signals from the reporter dye are number of amplicons that are generated Inversely proportional Indirectly proportional Cross wise proportional Directly proportional proportional to the

What is meant by the pandemic spread of SARS CoV 2 It spread through the ocean It spreads world wide It spreads only in a certain area It spreads only in one country

Serology testing is used to detect previous infection antibodies to SARS CoV 2 in people who may have been exposed to the virus True False Question 6 1 point Listen The purpose of doing Microneutralization assay is to confirm the positive result that is obtained by ELISA True

Which serum sample contains antibodies that block infection Sample A Sample B A Neither OB Both

3 Explain what is happening in this image Which type of immune response will this lead to humoral immunity or cell mediated immunity

In ELISA the enzyme horseradish peroxidase HRP is bound to the region of the secondary antibody well of microtiter plate SARS CoV 2 antigen the tested sample

Why is it necessary to wash the samples repeatedly in ELISA To enhance the interaction between antibody and antigen To remove any proteins or antibodies which are unbound To increase samples concentration To make the sample clean Question 6 1 point Listen An antibody is Are also called immunoglobulins or lgs Made up of variable domains and a constant domain Composed of glycoproteins All of the above Y shaped in antigens

bodies are unique and respond to a specific antigen Where does the antigen attach to the antibody structure The variable domains Fab The binding site the variable domains and the Fab The binding site Fc Question 8 1 point Listen Microneutralization is the gold standard but it is labor intensive and time consuming and requires at least 5 days to get results True

How many types of controls do you need to have in the Microneutralization Assay One Virus Control Two Sample Control and Virus Control Two Virus Control and Cell Control No controls are need

What is the purpose of the ELISA test for this lab To detect COVID 19 virus from serum in people who might have been infected To produce COVID 19 antibody from serum in people who have been infected To detect COVID 19 antibody from serum in people who might have been infected To isolate COVID 19 virus from serum in people who have been infected

Listen The best classification system is that which most closely a corroborates the classification scheme in use at the time of Charles Darwin b conforms to traditional Linnaean taxonomic practices c reflects evolutionary history d reflects the basic separation of prokaryotes from eukaryotes e unites organisms that possess similar morphologies

Fill in the blank A colon indicates amino acid positions that have amino acids with A molecular properties

Listen Their primary function of DNA topoisomerase is to cleave DNA strands in order to provide torsional stress relief or to untangle replicating DNA a True b False

Which enzyme makes single strand breaks in DNA backbones a Exonuclease b Topoisomerase c Helicase d Ligase

Topoisomerase does which one of the following a Joins the ends of double stranded DNA molecules b Is required for making recombinant DNA molecules in vitro c Unties knots in DNA molecules d Makes new DNA strands

What is the role of topoisomerases in eukaryotic DNA replication a Topoisomerise enzymes cut uncoil and reseal the double stranded DNA b Topoisomerise enzymes bind to the origin of replication sites within double stranded DNA c Topoisomerise enzymes join the Okazaki fragments together with phosphodietster bonds d Topoisomerise enzymes open up the double stranded DNA at the replication fork

Fill in the blank A period indicates amino acid positions that have amino acids with properties A molecular

First among asexually reproducing species what main mechanism produces genetic changes from one generation to the next and how does this mechanism do so Next describe in detail three main mechanisms that produce genetic diversity among sexually reproducing species placing emphasis on how two mechanisms in meiosis do so Lastly most eukaryotic organisms reproduce sexually What is a survival benefit s of this mode of reproduction

een pr you com Practice Pedigrees mine the inheritance patern of each of the following pedigrees Then label the genotypes of each individual in the pedigrees

Directions After identifying the amino acid sequences for your gene follow the model below to construct the resulting structure of each protein on your own sheet 1 Using graph paper provided start your sequence in the third box down and third box from the left 2 The original protein will be contained within the first sheet and the other three proteins should each be on their own sheets for comparison 3 Write the first three letters of the amino acids into the three boxes if space allows Where boxes may be too small shade the boxes in and label each amino acid next to that shape 4 Use the key on the following page to assemble each protein Once all 4 models have been drawn on your graph paper you can more easily determine where the shape of the protein has changed if at all Circle the point at which the shape first changed in each altered protein Answer the following questions based on your completed translated sequences What is an addition insertion What is a substitution What is a frameshift What is a silent mutation Of the four mutation types above which can cause one of the others Explain using evidence

A Phosphate Group Lipid D Nonaqueous Cytosol Nonaqueous Aqueous Nonaqueous Environment Cytosol Environment B C Nonaqueous Cytosol Nonaqueous Environment Nonaqueous Cytosol E F Aqueous Nonaqueous Cytosol Environment Nonaqueous Environment Aqueous Cytosol Nonaqueous Environment Figure 1 Proposed models of hypothetical plasma membranes Each model represents a small portion of the hypothetical plasma membrane and illustrates the orientation of the phospholipids A student proposes six models of a hypothetical plasma membrane Figure 1 Identify the model that best represents the plasma membrane of a hypothetical cell that exists in a nonaqueous environment and whose cytosol is similar to that of an animal cell Provide TWO pieces of reasoning to support your identification AGE FOR ANSWERING QUESTION 8

DNA mRNA OR 1 2 4 5 1 3 4 5 Ligand A Ligand B Protein Protein A Plasma Membrane Protein B Plasma Membrane Exon Intron 2nd Messenger Figure 1 Receptor proteins produced as a result of alternative splicing followed by activation of a second messenger 4 Cell signaling in eukaryotes is often dependent on receptor proteins located in the plasma membrane During the production of the mature mRNA molecules coding for these receptors pre mRNA molecules are processed to remove introns and to connect exons together The exons contain the sequences that code for proteins In certain instances different mature mRNA molecules can be formed from the same pre mRNA by alternative splicing which results in different protein sequences in the resulting polypeptides Figure 1 represents the expression of a gene with 5 exons that can be alternatively spliced to produce receptor protein A and receptor protein B a Explain how ligand A and ligand B can cause identical cellular responses in a cell b Predict the most likely effect of a two nucleotide deletion in the middle of the intron located between exc 4 and 5 on the structure of protein A Justify your prediction

draw and label a phylogenetic tree of these items door window chair table bed television sta envelope bookshelf sofa and notebook

Label the Dissected Bull Testis

each of the statements as DD for density dependent or DI as density independent 2pts each ch of the statements below involves a situation that will affect the growth of a population Classify C d e f g a b Rainbow smelt and yellow perch attempt to occupy the same area The more aggressive smelt survive the perch do not A severe flood brings a lot of sediment and dirt into the lake The turbidity of the lake increases greatly A drought decreases the water level in the lake The carrying capacity of the lake decreases Due to the introduction of rainbow smelt an invasive species the lake becomes too crowded and some species of fish do not survive Many fish die due to an increase in water temperature Parasites present in the lake are killing off fish in great numbers Since yellow perch migrate long distances to spawn many do not survive the trip

What can be inferred from the following statement from the essay Society and Solitude by Ralph Waldo Emerson The solitary river was not solitary enough

How many ATP NADH and FADH2 are generated by just the citric acid cycle

Lieben Students are creating a model that shows bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics through natural selection They decide to make different drawings and use the following key for their models normal bacterium resistant bacterium dead bacterium Which of the models below would show the final result of their model where the bacteria have become resistant to the antibiotic

Figure 32 6 Animal skeletons The forelimb and hindlimb bones of these animals differ according to the locomotor functions of the limbs fernur fore metatarsals hindlimb tibia fibula tarsals c Cat Table 32 2 Comparison of Hindlimb to Forelimb Animal Frog Differences in Hindlimb and Forelimb Bones and Explanation Bird Cat Human

2 Read the question and sample response below Determine how many marks out of 4 you would award the response Remember origin purpose content value and limitation must be addressed Value and limitation must be connected to origin purpose or content at least once Use Source A above in your assessment of the response How many marks out of 4 would you award the response below With reference to its origin purpose and content evaluate the value and limitations of Source A above for a historian studying Japanese expansion and the international response on Japan s road to war The source is an excerpt from a book about the Manchurian Crisis by a historian It is valuable because il contains information about the Manchurian Crisis which was one of the reasons for Japan s expansion Because it is a secondary source it has loss value than a primary source

commensalism Small marine animals called barnacles often attach themselves to whales The barnacle benefits from the movement of the water full of food particles past their swimming hosts Although barnacles perform no known service to whales they don t harm them either Which number is true or false 1 The whale benefits the barnacle 2 The barnacle benefits the

Listen B Match the following pictures to the basic forms of bird wings V High speed wings 1 C Elliptical wings 2 D 3 B Passive soaring wings 4 A Active soaring wings C

Select which characteristics fit into the categories of Amniotes or early tetrapod ancestors more permeable skin more keratinized skin 1 Amniotes 2 Early tetrapod ancestor drawing air into lungs pushing air from cavities into lungs

AOTD What advantage did subdividing the gas bladders into smaller sacs provide for tetrapods Reduced surface area for gas exchange Enhanced ability to breathe underwater Increased buoyancy Increased surface area for gas exchange

Table 1 TRIAL 1 Results Phenotype of worms worms eaten start worms left in grass worms after reproduction Forest 10 1 9 18 Turquoise 10 9 1 2 Kelly 10 0 ID Olive E 110 2 8 20 16

Variations on Mendelian Inheritance Two gene cross blue eyes Select the crosses that would lead to only blue eyed progeny Choose all that apply Check All That Apply oohh x oohh

access to higher education changes in the curriculum the recruitment of more professors of color and the creation of ethnic studies programs These programs were the beginning of multicultural cur riculum reform in higher education From their origins in California eth nic studies programs and departments have survived and proliferated through out the United States After serious cut backs during the budgetary crises of the 1970s and 1980s they are back bigger and stronger than ever Ethnic studies programs have been revitalized reor ganized and reconceptualized Indeed they are increasingly becoming institu tionalized The field of ethnic studies has produced a prodigious amount of new scholarship much of which is good and innovative However as is true in all dis ciplines some of the work is weak The perspectives of ethnic studies are intend ed not only to increase our knowledge base but eventually to transform the dis ciplines Their influence is being widely felt and hotly debated Today there are more than 700 eth nic studies programs and departments in the United States They are represent ed by five established professional associ ations the National Council of Black Studies the National Association of Chi cano Studies the Asian American Studies Association the American Indian Studies Association and the National Association of Ethnic Studies The Association of Puerto Rican Studies was formed in 1992 A disproportionate number of ethnic studies programs are located in public colleges and universities because these institutions are more susceptible to pub riuata cohools cific programs 3 The Department of American Eth nic Studies at the University of Wash ington Seattle was created in 1985 by bringing together programs in African American Asian American and Chicano studies 4 The Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America at the University of Colorado Boulder was created in 1987 by consolidating existing programs in black studies and Chicano studies and adding new programs in Asian American and American Indian studies Aside from the West Bowling Green State University in Ohio has one of the oldest ethnic studies departments which was founded in 1979 During the decades in which ethnic studies programs were established and grew strong American society under went dramatic changes that continue to this day The civil rights movement might have removed the last vestiges of legal apartheid in the United States However other ways have been invented to deny equal opportunity to the historically mar ginalized communities of color In the 25 years since the issuance of the Kerner Commission Report which spoke of two Americas one rich one poor one white one black the gulf that divides the nation has grown wider than ever Today 1 of the population of the U S has gained control of more of the na tion s wealth than the bottom 90 This situation parallels the stark and painful inequality in much of the Third World Significant demographic changes have also taken place in the United States in the last 25 years Since 1965 when U S immigration laws eliminated the national origins quotas that favored Europeans Page 3 of 6 coming colored and increasingly more terns the U S population is rapidly be diverse language music art literature and other in race ethnicity religion cultural expressions In fact with more than half of its population already high ly diversified California provides a glimpse of the nation s future It will be an oxymoronic majority minority state by 2050 The relatively high birthrate of minority Americans as well as their low er age distribution will mean that ever increasing numbers of people of color will fill our classrooms and enter our work force In order to bring about a truly pluralis tic democracy our education system at all levels not only must reflect the nation s diversity in its student body faculty and curriculum but also must seek to achieve comparable educational outcomes for all groups in society The education reforms known collectively as multiculturalism one example of which is the integra tion of ethnic studies into the college cur riculum I have as major goals the es tablishment of democratic pluralism and the achievement of educational equity THE NATURE OF ETHNIC STUDIES What is ethnic studies First the field is distinct from global or internation al studies particularly those program known generally as area studies wit which ethnic studies is often compare and confused Area studies program arose out of American imperialism in the Third World and bear names such a African studies Asian studies and Lat in American studies These programm were designed to focus on U S Thir World relations and to train specialist

What is the eventual fate of Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate in the Calvin s cycle It fixes carbon dioxide to form 3 phosphoglycerate It is recycled to form Ribulose 1 5 bisphosphate RuBP a 5 carbon compound It is used to form sugars usually glucose by linking to 3 carbon G3P to form a six carbon sugar C6H12O6 forming the final product of photosynthesis Two of these are correct All of these are correct

The figure shows three spirometry test results The far left graph is A normal Based on the size shape and approximate vital capacity flow volum C this patient shows Flow volume loop comparison Flow Volume Multiple Choice A B C pneumonia nothing These values are normal Orestriction obstruction

Which of the following may cause restrictive lung disorder Multiple Choice bronchitis smoking asthma lung fibrosis