Evolution Questions and Answers

If a student randomly guesses at five multiple choice questions during a BIO 340 exam find the probability that the student gets exactly three correct Each question has five possible choices O 0 1 O 10 0 05 1

A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that ar Select heterozygous homozygous or heterozygous homozygous diploid that trait fo

11 III IV 1 O 3 4 1 2 O 1 12 2 O 2 3 R 1 rr RR T What is the probability that III 4 is a carrier Rr Rr 5

Chramones Spinde hers energe from the Chenones continue to wpears te Nuclear engede breaks down mtubules atach o Indones Cermones Hov tward opposite ples Makc ndes My developed cero mar pe posset of the cal Chromone MPE plate Each ww sperde the Cohen pr bed drmints MITOSIS oled aw pued kichw spnde Stens ebriguing the 1 deavage fa daughter cel Nape Part ces ac separates eppodle and tegn surround The mic spede breaks Which of the following is the correct order of events in mitosis Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle The nucleus reforms and the cell divides Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate The nucleus reforms and the cell divides The kinetochore becomes attached to the cohesin proteins Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate The kinetochore breaks down and the sister chromatids separate The nucleus reforms and the cell divides The kinetochore becomes attached to the mitotic spindle Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate Cohesin proteins break down and the sister chromatids separate The nucleus reforms and the cell divides

Maternal Letter A A A Letter C Non sister chromatids Letter B In the figure Letter B represents Sister chromatids Paternal O Non homologous chromosomes O Homologous chromosomes

Genetic inheritance is being studied in a certain species of plant in which orange flower color 0 is dominant to white o and round leaf shape S is dominant to oval s A true breeding orange flowered round leaved male plant Plant A is mated with a true breeding white flowered oval leaved female plant Plant B to produce dihybrid offspring plant Plant C Assuming normal Mendelian genetics and independent inheritance of these two traits which gametes might be produced by Plant C OoSs OS OS Both OS and OS Both DoSs and OS

What does the term phylogeny mean the anatomy of an organism O the outward appearance of an organism the evolutionary history of a group of organisms i e geneaology O the growth of an organism

My lecture didn t explicitly address this issue but I want you to do a little extra research and discuss it Changes can occur to DNA called mutations caused by many different factors A mutated gene produces a protein that is differently shaped and therefore functions differently sometimes better sometimes worse sometimes differently sometimes not at all Mutations happen all the time in organisms There are even mechanisms in the cells that attempt to fix mutations In a short discussion I want you to make the connection between mutations and natural selection Which of the three basic conditions of natural selection does the process of mutation relate to Why is it an essential aspect of evolution

Which three stipulations form Darwin s concept of natural selection Select the three answers that apply individuals can choose how many offspring to have more individuals are born than survive not all individuals survive to reproduce individuals vary O individuals have instincts

between various late The Assimilation Model of later human evolution suggests that there was limited surviving populations of Neanderthals Denisovans and Homo heidelbergenesis and early modern Homo sapiens as they spread out of Africa in the later Pleistocene Check your answer in Section 5 O genetic drift tool sharing gene flow O cladistics

Homo erectus is one of the first clear examples of tool use or technology influencing their own evolution Which the following is an example of changes that occurred in Homo erectus related to its tool use check your answer in section 5 O developing smaller molars and premolars expensive tissue hypothesis developing a larger brain and a smaller gut O All of these O living into old age and shifts in life history

Which hominin is thought to be directly on our lineage and NOT a dead end side branch Check your answer in Section 5 O Homo erectus O Paranthropus O Homo luzonensis and Homo floresiensis

Paranthropus or the robust Australopiths was check your answer in Section 5 O adapted for eating a specialized diet hard or gritty foods found in Asia contrary to what researchers expected O the most likely ancestor for early Homo O very different from Australopithecus gracile Australopiths post cranially neck dow

P generation refers to the offspring of an F1 generation cross True False

A n that its gradient is adjusting to carry the sediment load A ungraded B equilibrium C graded D disequilibrium stream is actively eroding or depositing material in its channel so

tradition religion command market Question 39 2 points Saved 4 Listen What is NOT the example for the group not in labor force discouraged workers

Which of the following is true about pasteurization Mark all that apply It renders food sterile It kills pathogens It reduces the number of spoilage causing microbes HTST pasteurization uses 72 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes Question 6 T 0 5 pts

A n dichotomous key is a diagram depicting the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups O True O False

SARS CoV2 is the causative agent of COVID 19 Like all coronaviruses it has a positive sense single stranded RNA genome The spike glycoprotein is an integral membrane protein with a large extracellular N terminal domain a transmembrane domain and a smaller intercellular domain see figure Region encoded by the sequence in Question 1 200 3 600 Extracellular Domain 400 5666 Intracellular Domain Receptor binding Domain Out Transmembrane Domain The N terminal domain consist of amino acid residues 14 through 1213 inclusive How many nucleotides encode this domain m Esssssssssss 66666 in N terminus ional modifications

A hominin is an ancient ape hominoid that we believe to be specifically on our lineage and not another ape s lineage our ancestor and ours alone What traits do we typically look for in fossils to indicate that they might be a human ancestor mark all that apply evidence of bipedalism associated with closed or wooded habitats evidence of reduced sexual dimorphism compared to other apes usually in the canines more central foramen magnum

A neuromuscular junction will be considered part of the nervous system Ovisceral sensory somatic motor O visceral motor Osomatic sensory division of the peripheral Question 20 1 point Which channels are important to propagate the action potential down the length of a neuron myelinated or non myelinated voltage gated sodium channels mechanically gated sodium channels ligand gated sodium channels

Why wouldn t it be advisable to compare growth of the organisms on each plate to each other Select all that apply a NA medium is selective for Gram positive bacteria while EMB agar is selective for Gram negative bacteria 6 NA medium is nutrient deficient and will not grow fastidious bacteria while EMB agar is enriched and therefore will support the growth of fastidious bacteria We can expect anything that grows well on NA to also grow on EMB agar d We can expect bacteria that grow well on EMB agar will also grow on NA e Barring experimental process errors a lack of growth on NA should be accompanied by a lack of growth on EMB agar

N 0000 AdenoS H2N Adenine Adenosine H 2 H4 3 The bond linking 1st phosphate to adenine Either of the bonds on the terminal phosphate H C O P 0 P H OH OH Ribose Sugar ATP hydrolysis involves the hydrolysis of what bond Triphosphate Phospate Groups O 0 The bond linking the 1st phosphate to the 2nd phosphate The bond linking the 2nd phosphate to the 3rd phosphate 0 0 P 0 0 0 0 1st 2nd 3rd Dept Biol Penn State 2002

Which process results in decreased variation A Meiosis B Mutation C Sexual reproduction D Natural selection

Which statement best describes how evolution occurs A Species which produce the most offspring are favoured by natural selection B Mutations in somatic cells are passed on to offspring C Natural selection decreases the frequency of unfavourable characteristics D Changes in species lead towards greater complexity over time

5 Patrick met Patti at the dance Both of them are heterozygous for their pink body color which is dominant over a yellow body color Create a Punnett square to show the possibilities that would result if Patrick and Patti nad children HINT Read question 3 A List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for their children B What are the chances of a child with a pink body C What child with a vells out of

Discuss the differences between Microevolution and Macroevolution 1 Macroevolution 2 Microevolution

Discuss the differences between the evolutionary features 1 Homologous Structures and 2 Analogous Structures

Question 10 In a laboratory a scientist gathered identical E coli cells and grew them in separate petri dishes labeled as population A population B and population C With plenty of food and the right temperature all coll cells in each population increased by reproducing every 20 minutes However populations A B and C were introduced to antibiotic 1 Penicillin and antibiotic 2 amoxicillin After one hour the scient observed each population under the microscope and noticed that population A died after receiving both antibiotics population B survived but was not able to reproduce again and population C survived a reproduced more abundantly by overtaking population A and B in the next generation A Starting population B Antibiotic 182 administered Survivors B After 2 days Ending population What mechanisms would BEST explain how population C developed an antibiotic resistance or acquired adaptations or features that made it well suited to its immediate environment A Natural selection and Mutation

This rhetorical device allows someone to insinuate something deprecatory or demeaning about someone or something without explicitly saying it O Hasty Generalization O Innuendo

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2 Describe the seven characteristics of living organisms

Which of the following would prevent an organism from becoming part of the fossil record when it dies It gets trapped in sap O It is fully decomposed by bacteria and fungi OIt is frozen in ice It is buried in fine sediments at the bottom of a lake

Broccoli cabbages and Brussels sprouts all descend from the same wild mustard and can still interbreed These varieties were produced by genetic drift artificial selection O natural selection mutation

Which of the following represents a pair of homologous structures the wing of a bat and the scales of a fish the antennae of an insect and the eyes of a bird O the wing of a bat and the flipper of a whale O the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly

A rabbit population consists of animals that are either very dark on top or very light on top The color pattern is not related to sex No rabbit shows intermediate coloration medium darkness This pattern might result from O stabilizing selection sexual selection disruptive selection O directional selection

Which of the following statements best describes the true nature of natural selection The strong eliminate the weak in the race for survival Heritable traits that promote reproduction become more frequent in a population from one generation to the next Organisms change by random chance Only the strongest survive

Mate attracting features such as the bright plumage of a male peacock result from Ointrasexual selection O intersexual selection O disruptive selection O stabilizing selection

2 1 What is meant by noncoding DNA regions How can noncoding DNA regions be used to determine a person s identity Be specific 3 How is comparing STR profiles to determine paternity different from trying to match a suspect to a blood sample 4 You re a park ranger at Yellowstone National Park You ve discovered the internal organs of a deer just inside the park boundaries Because hunting in the park is illegal you notify the local police to be on the alert for a recently killed deer The police spot a truck carrying the carcass of a large deer a few miles outside the park They suspect this is the deer that was killed inside the park boundaries but they need some evidence linking this deer to the remains found in the park What test s could determine whether the deer in the truck was killed inside Yel lowstone Park Explain your answer

Climbing a wall of ice requires careful interaction among all parts of the body You probably know that muscles and the brain work together to coordinate the climber s movement The heart and lungs also have to work together to help provide energy for the climb Yet every human body starts as a single cell a fertilized zygote How does a single cell give rise to all the different types of cells tissues and organs in the human body Further how do such different parts coordinate their activities to keep the body functioning

B Page 246 Although the Halley Bay population of Emperor penguins was declining prior to 2016 it completely disappeared from 2016 2018 Which statement best describes what happened to the penguins Estimated number of breeding pairs 13 1 Describe the selection Correct Answer s 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 04 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Year Drag appropriate answer s here Climate change resulted in severe storms that killed the femaler Halley Bay Dawson Lambton Early ice breakun likolu 2018

7 Summarize the two main points of Darwin s The Origin Of Species

Drag each scenario to the correct location on the table For each scenario given decide whether allopatric or sympatric speciation would be the likely result Allonatric Sympatric

closely related to the hippopotamus C 0 00 0 10 ii iv Speed 1x C Erinaceus europdeus Sorex araneus Myotis lucifigus Pteropus vampyras Felis calus Canis familiaris luropoda melanoleuca artela putorius faro Equas caballas Vicagna pacos Sus scrofa Bos taurus Ovis aries Hippopor philbles Balaenoptern acutorestrate Megaptera novaeangliae Balaenoptera physalus Physeter macrocephalus Lipotes vexilitfer Neophocaena phocaenoles other Laurasiatheria III Mysticeti Aisshloceb Paused J Whippomorpha Il Cetacea

10 Artificial selection is also known as selective breeding O selective heering O selective hearing genetic manipulation

9 The process of choosing parent organisms for desired characteristics is called O Artificial selection O Natural Selection O random selection genetic manipulation

A Moving to another question will save this response 2 points Sav A yellow jacket an insect in the order hymenoptera stung me A wasp an insect in hymenoptera stung me A hornet an insect in hymenoptera stung me I see a pattern All ins in this order must have stingers What type of reasoning does this represent O inductive reasoning O deductive reasoning reductionism O comparative reasoning uestion 4

In a diploid organism with 17 pairs of chromosomes what is the possible lowest number of chromosomes in the gametes when a single non disjunction event occurs in meiosis 1

A scientist is deletion mapping a gene that encodes hair growth in mice The recessive allele leads to hairless mice and is found somewhere on the X chromosome pictured below He crosses a homozygous hairless mouse to four other mice bearing X chromosome deficiencies shown below and obtained the results shown in the table At which locus is the gene encoding hair growth Locus C Locus A Locus D Locus E Locus B X chromosome Deficiency chromosome 1 Deficiency chromosome 2 Deficiency chromosome 3 Deficiency chromosome 4 1 23 4 Locus Deficiency chromosome Locus B Locus Locus C D Phenotype of offspring Wild type Wild type Hairless Wild type Locus E