Evolution Questions and Answers

Which of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor?
Anatomical homologies
Homologies in development and embryology
Genetic homologies in DNA
Biochemical homologies in proteins and others
All of the other answers are correct
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following provides evidence that vertebrates evolved from a common ancestor? Anatomical homologies Homologies in development and embryology Genetic homologies in DNA Biochemical homologies in proteins and others All of the other answers are correct
Precambrian time is much larger than the other eras of the geologic time scale. Earth's water, oxygen, and first living organisms originated during this time period. Why do you think it is so much larger than the other eras of the geologic time scale?
Biology
Evolution
Precambrian time is much larger than the other eras of the geologic time scale. Earth's water, oxygen, and first living organisms originated during this time period. Why do you think it is so much larger than the other eras of the geologic time scale?
How can there be so many similarities between organisms, but also so many different types of plants, animals, and microorganisms?
Biology
Evolution
How can there be so many similarities between organisms, but also so many different types of plants, animals, and microorganisms?
Explain how animal limbs, such as wings of a butterfly and a bird, developed similar functions but with different internal structures.
Biology
Evolution
Explain how animal limbs, such as wings of a butterfly and a bird, developed similar functions but with different internal structures.
Which of the following are primate characteristics (select all that apply)? 
long life 
history nails instead of claws on most digits 
side-ways facing eyes 
grasping hands & feet 
homodont dentition 
post-orbital bar/closure 
very small brain sizes
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following are primate characteristics (select all that apply)? long life history nails instead of claws on most digits side-ways facing eyes grasping hands & feet homodont dentition post-orbital bar/closure very small brain sizes
The hypothesis that evolution occurs in "spurts" through geologic time is known as
A. punctuated equilibrium.
B. directional equilibrium.
C. directional evolution.
D. punctuated evolution.
Biology
Evolution
The hypothesis that evolution occurs in "spurts" through geologic time is known as A. punctuated equilibrium. B. directional equilibrium. C. directional evolution. D. punctuated evolution.
Why are humans most likely to form communities?

A. To maintain codes of civil human conduct
B. To understand human group behavior
C. To fulfill human needs by working together
D. To safeguard human language and culture
Biology
Evolution
Why are humans most likely to form communities? A. To maintain codes of civil human conduct B. To understand human group behavior C. To fulfill human needs by working together D. To safeguard human language and culture
Because of humans and/or climate change, biologists think we may be on our way to the ______ mass extinction on Earth. 

A. 1st 
B. 129th 
C. 6th
Biology
Evolution
Because of humans and/or climate change, biologists think we may be on our way to the ______ mass extinction on Earth. A. 1st B. 129th C. 6th
Which of the following demonstrates the strongest evidence for reproductive isolation between two populations?
A, allopatric distribution
B, a lack of demonstrable gene flow between two sympatric populations
C. sympatric distribution with considerable gene flow between the two populations
D. the inability of a hybrid to reproduce
E, the occurrence of considerable crossing over during meiosis
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following demonstrates the strongest evidence for reproductive isolation between two populations? A, allopatric distribution B, a lack of demonstrable gene flow between two sympatric populations C. sympatric distribution with considerable gene flow between the two populations D. the inability of a hybrid to reproduce E, the occurrence of considerable crossing over during meiosis
Which of the following is NOT a pre-mating isolating mechanism of speciation? 1. Two populations of a species splitting into separate habitats 3.75 points Save Answer 2. Each of two populations of a species start to carry different odors which are offensive to members of the other population. 3. Two populations of one species have evolved separately for generations, but when they are allowed to mingle again, the sperm of one population can no longer penetrate the eggs of the other population. 4. Two fly populations engage in mating behaviors at different times and thus are unlikely to mate with each other.
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following is NOT a pre-mating isolating mechanism of speciation? 1. Two populations of a species splitting into separate habitats 3.75 points Save Answer 2. Each of two populations of a species start to carry different odors which are offensive to members of the other population. 3. Two populations of one species have evolved separately for generations, but when they are allowed to mingle again, the sperm of one population can no longer penetrate the eggs of the other population. 4. Two fly populations engage in mating behaviors at different times and thus are unlikely to mate with each other.
If you were a field biologist, and knowing nothing else, you observed a parasite feeding on the body of a larger organism. This singular observation demonstrates co-evolution. True False
Biology
Evolution
If you were a field biologist, and knowing nothing else, you observed a parasite feeding on the body of a larger organism. This singular observation demonstrates co-evolution. True False
Overall, when we consider the number of animal families over time, the trend since the Cambrian until today has been for that number to increase decrease remain constant
Biology
Evolution
Overall, when we consider the number of animal families over time, the trend since the Cambrian until today has been for that number to increase decrease remain constant
Long-term patterns of evolution that lead to speciation are known as:

A. microevolution
B. macroevolution
C. creationism
D. equilibrium
Biology
Evolution
Long-term patterns of evolution that lead to speciation are known as: A. microevolution B. macroevolution C. creationism D. equilibrium
Which of the following terms describes a diversification of species where unoccupied ecological niches are occupied and many new taxa (clades) evolve and further diversify producing a rise in the number of species over time. 

Extinction 
Adaptive radiation 
Replacement event
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following terms describes a diversification of species where unoccupied ecological niches are occupied and many new taxa (clades) evolve and further diversify producing a rise in the number of species over time. Extinction Adaptive radiation Replacement event
In the case of cichlid fishes' adaptive radiations in separate African Great Lakes, the fact that the same forms have developed separately as a result of these adaptive radiations means that this parallel evolution often leads to Homologous structures Convergent evolution Evolutionary reversal allopatric speciation
Biology
Evolution
In the case of cichlid fishes' adaptive radiations in separate African Great Lakes, the fact that the same forms have developed separately as a result of these adaptive radiations means that this parallel evolution often leads to Homologous structures Convergent evolution Evolutionary reversal allopatric speciation
Which of the following are requirements for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium to persist in a population?
A. no mutation can occur
B. no immigration can take place
C. unlimited population size must always be present
D. All of the above
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following are requirements for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium to persist in a population? A. no mutation can occur B. no immigration can take place C. unlimited population size must always be present D. All of the above
Which of the following is a misconception about Evolution?
Biological evolution involves change within a population
Natural Selection can be a cause for Evolution
Evolution violates the second law of thermodynamics.
All of the above
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following is a misconception about Evolution? Biological evolution involves change within a population Natural Selection can be a cause for Evolution Evolution violates the second law of thermodynamics. All of the above
A population of toads have been happily living in an isolated swamp for the past hundred years. Scientists have decided to test whether or not this particular specie is limited to only inhabiting this particular ecosystem. After transplantation to a moss-covered forest nearby the toads seem to be surviving and reproducing readily Which of the following could explain why these toads have never before inhabited the forest? 

The mobility of the toads and insufficient time did not allow the species to ever encounter this ecosystem. 

There is a large geographical barrier prevented the toads from leaving the swamp and entering the forest. 

A predator that once preyed upon toads in this forest has now become extinct. 

All of the above are possible
Biology
Evolution
A population of toads have been happily living in an isolated swamp for the past hundred years. Scientists have decided to test whether or not this particular specie is limited to only inhabiting this particular ecosystem. After transplantation to a moss-covered forest nearby the toads seem to be surviving and reproducing readily Which of the following could explain why these toads have never before inhabited the forest? The mobility of the toads and insufficient time did not allow the species to ever encounter this ecosystem. There is a large geographical barrier prevented the toads from leaving the swamp and entering the forest. A predator that once preyed upon toads in this forest has now become extinct. All of the above are possible
Other than natural disasters and large losses of individuals, how could a certain allele be lost from a population?
A. having a large older generation
B. individuals dying or not reproducing
C. the introduction of a new allele
Biology
Evolution
Other than natural disasters and large losses of individuals, how could a certain allele be lost from a population? A. having a large older generation B. individuals dying or not reproducing C. the introduction of a new allele
The Earth first cooled to form solid rock...
6.5 billion years ago
4.5 billion years ago
3.8 billion years ago
3.5 billion years ago
Biology
Evolution
The Earth first cooled to form solid rock... 6.5 billion years ago 4.5 billion years ago 3.8 billion years ago 3.5 billion years ago
Genetic diversity is is increased by which of the following?
Bottleneck Effect
Mutation
Founder Effect
Genetic Drift
Biology
Evolution
Genetic diversity is is increased by which of the following? Bottleneck Effect Mutation Founder Effect Genetic Drift
Which of the following expanded on to land first?
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following expanded on to land first? Vertebrates Invertebrates
The best fossilization should occurin what type of environment?
A Forest
A Riverside
A Mountain top
A Desert
Biology
Evolution
The best fossilization should occurin what type of environment? A Forest A Riverside A Mountain top A Desert
Dominant and __________ mutations which are beneficial to fitness take the least time to reach fixation within a population. 
Additive mutations 
Recessive mutations 
Frameshift mutations 
Substitution Mutations (SNPs)
Biology
Evolution
Dominant and __________ mutations which are beneficial to fitness take the least time to reach fixation within a population. Additive mutations Recessive mutations Frameshift mutations Substitution Mutations (SNPs)
Both Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace discovered their ideas on Natural Selection by studying creatures which evolved on islands.
True
False
Biology
Evolution
Both Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace discovered their ideas on Natural Selection by studying creatures which evolved on islands. True False
Which of the following periods ended with the so-called K-T (65 million years ago) which was responsible for the extinction of almost all Dinosaurs?
Ordovician
Silurian
Permian
Cretaceous
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following periods ended with the so-called K-T (65 million years ago) which was responsible for the extinction of almost all Dinosaurs? Ordovician Silurian Permian Cretaceous
he Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model states that genotype and allele frequencies for a certain allele will remain constant from one generation to the next..
A. only when the allele is dominant
B. only when the allele is recessive
C. under any conditions
D. under limits and conditions
Biology
Evolution
he Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model states that genotype and allele frequencies for a certain allele will remain constant from one generation to the next.. A. only when the allele is dominant B. only when the allele is recessive C. under any conditions D. under limits and conditions
Monsanto's roundup herbicide has been successful in eliminating all weeds and plants which are not the intended, genetically-engineered, roundup resistant crops (for example: corn) from the fields where the intended crops are grown.
True
False
Biology
Evolution
Monsanto's roundup herbicide has been successful in eliminating all weeds and plants which are not the intended, genetically-engineered, roundup resistant crops (for example: corn) from the fields where the intended crops are grown. True False
The level of heritability and the level of selection on a population are both factors which influence
The level of genetic drift in the population
The level of genetic variability in the population
The relationship between genotype and phenotype in the population
The evolutionary response of that population to that selective pressure.
Biology
Evolution
The level of heritability and the level of selection on a population are both factors which influence The level of genetic drift in the population The level of genetic variability in the population The relationship between genotype and phenotype in the population The evolutionary response of that population to that selective pressure.
Which of the following early naturalists was the first to observe that different layers of sediment (strata) contain distinct groups of fossils?
William Smith
Georges Buffon
Carl Linnaeus
Nicholas Steno
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following early naturalists was the first to observe that different layers of sediment (strata) contain distinct groups of fossils? William Smith Georges Buffon Carl Linnaeus Nicholas Steno
Alexey Kondrashov's deleterious mutation hypothesis suggests that _________ is selectively advantageous because it allows deleterious mutations to be dropped out of a population.
balancing selection
sexual reproduction
disruptive selection
asexual reproduction
Biology
Evolution
Alexey Kondrashov's deleterious mutation hypothesis suggests that _________ is selectively advantageous because it allows deleterious mutations to be dropped out of a population. balancing selection sexual reproduction disruptive selection asexual reproduction
If you contract the disease Malaria from a mosquito bite, chances are you will get sick and die. Those people who are homozygous dominant for this gene (having two copies of the normal / non sickle-cell allele) will get Malaria from such a Malaria carrying mosquito bite, and likely die. Those people that carry two copies of the sickle-cell allele are likely to die young (before having children of their own) because they will experience the sickle cell disease which causes massive vascular failure when their blood oxygen gets lowered, (as it does during strenuous exercise). In parts of the world which have high levels of malaria, (equatorial regions) this recessive, sickle-cell allele experiences
selection because individuals who are heterozygous for it (carriers) won't get Malaria when bitten by a maria carrying mosquito (they are resistant to it), but also do not experience the sickle-cell disease (vascular failure as a result of low blood oxygen).
Directional selection
Stabilizing Selection
Disruptive selection
Additive selection
Biology
Evolution
If you contract the disease Malaria from a mosquito bite, chances are you will get sick and die. Those people who are homozygous dominant for this gene (having two copies of the normal / non sickle-cell allele) will get Malaria from such a Malaria carrying mosquito bite, and likely die. Those people that carry two copies of the sickle-cell allele are likely to die young (before having children of their own) because they will experience the sickle cell disease which causes massive vascular failure when their blood oxygen gets lowered, (as it does during strenuous exercise). In parts of the world which have high levels of malaria, (equatorial regions) this recessive, sickle-cell allele experiences selection because individuals who are heterozygous for it (carriers) won't get Malaria when bitten by a maria carrying mosquito (they are resistant to it), but also do not experience the sickle-cell disease (vascular failure as a result of low blood oxygen). Directional selection Stabilizing Selection Disruptive selection Additive selection
When Darwin returned to England from his voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, he immediately published his book The Origin of Species to beat his competitor Alfred Vallace propose his theoroy of Evolution by means of natural selection.
True
False
Biology
Evolution
When Darwin returned to England from his voyage aboard the HMS Beagle, he immediately published his book The Origin of Species to beat his competitor Alfred Vallace propose his theoroy of Evolution by means of natural selection. True False
Humans, Seals, and bats all have an upper pair of appendages (arms) which contain a first bone projecting from a shoulder/thoracic cage called the humerus, a pair of bones called the radius and ulna following a joint with the humerous. Extending from the joint where the radius and ulna meet extend metacarpals and then phlanges (fingers). The fact that this bone arrangement is similar among these three types of mammals suggests that these features are....
Convergent/Analogous
Homoplasies
Homologous
Reversals
Biology
Evolution
Humans, Seals, and bats all have an upper pair of appendages (arms) which contain a first bone projecting from a shoulder/thoracic cage called the humerus, a pair of bones called the radius and ulna following a joint with the humerous. Extending from the joint where the radius and ulna meet extend metacarpals and then phlanges (fingers). The fact that this bone arrangement is similar among these three types of mammals suggests that these features are.... Convergent/Analogous Homoplasies Homologous Reversals
As Giraffes were evolving, those which could reach leaves higher in trees had a selective advantage, thus eventually the population developed longer necks. This form of
selection is an example of:
A. divergent selection
B. stabilizing selection
C. directional selection
D. more than one of the above
Biology
Evolution
As Giraffes were evolving, those which could reach leaves higher in trees had a selective advantage, thus eventually the population developed longer necks. This form of selection is an example of: A. divergent selection B. stabilizing selection C. directional selection D. more than one of the above
The global human population has a doubling time of 35 years. Calculate the growth rate. Growth rate = 70/doubling time 
A. 3.5% B. 7% C. 5% D. 2%
Biology
Evolution
The global human population has a doubling time of 35 years. Calculate the growth rate. Growth rate = 70/doubling time A. 3.5% B. 7% C. 5% D. 2%
4 points Gluten is a blend of proteins found in wheat, one of the primary products of the Agricultural Revolution which began over 10,000 years ago and that has brought humanity to its current population size. Suppose a particular mutation in gene X confers the ability to tolerate Gluten and thus provided an advantage to populations which had this mutation in their ability to pop the world. What would you expect to find when you look at this mutation and the DNA close to it on that chromosome which contains it in people who have the mutation? 
A common and large section of DNA surrounding the mutation will be found in populations which are gluten tolerant, whereas no such common section can be found for those who a not.gluten tolerant. Those who do and don't have the mutation will each have their respective large sections of DNA associated with the presence or the absence of the mutation, respectively.
Every human is different genetically and so no associations can be found between individual mutations and the surrounding DNA in populations which are experiencing such Selective 
The individuals which have the mutation will be highly variable in the DNA region surrounding the gluten mutation as a result of the selective force on the mutation.
Biology
Evolution
4 points Gluten is a blend of proteins found in wheat, one of the primary products of the Agricultural Revolution which began over 10,000 years ago and that has brought humanity to its current population size. Suppose a particular mutation in gene X confers the ability to tolerate Gluten and thus provided an advantage to populations which had this mutation in their ability to pop the world. What would you expect to find when you look at this mutation and the DNA close to it on that chromosome which contains it in people who have the mutation? A common and large section of DNA surrounding the mutation will be found in populations which are gluten tolerant, whereas no such common section can be found for those who a not.gluten tolerant. Those who do and don't have the mutation will each have their respective large sections of DNA associated with the presence or the absence of the mutation, respectively. Every human is different genetically and so no associations can be found between individual mutations and the surrounding DNA in populations which are experiencing such Selective The individuals which have the mutation will be highly variable in the DNA region surrounding the gluten mutation as a result of the selective force on the mutation.
The evolution of the venomous bite known to be so common among venomous snakes represents...
A single mutation which resulted in a massive evolutionary leap forward
A complex adaptation
An adaptation which had already been fully assembled in lizards before snakes evolved, which required no further modification
An anomaly which can only be explained via a massive insertion of at least forty fully formed genes simultaneously into the genome of the common ancesto
source outside of but concurrent with the common ancestral population itself.
Biology
Evolution
The evolution of the venomous bite known to be so common among venomous snakes represents... A single mutation which resulted in a massive evolutionary leap forward A complex adaptation An adaptation which had already been fully assembled in lizards before snakes evolved, which required no further modification An anomaly which can only be explained via a massive insertion of at least forty fully formed genes simultaneously into the genome of the common ancesto source outside of but concurrent with the common ancestral population itself.
In the case of the Gallfly which lays its eggs into the stems of Goldenrod Plants, what type of selection is taking place as both galls which are too large and too small are both selected against?
Directional Selection
Diversifying Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Biology
Evolution
In the case of the Gallfly which lays its eggs into the stems of Goldenrod Plants, what type of selection is taking place as both galls which are too large and too small are both selected against? Directional Selection Diversifying Selection Stabilizing Selection
Which of the following pieces of DNA is most likely to be under a regular (although random) predictable rate of mutation, and can be used to compare to other such regions in its own genome and to such segments of DNA in the genomes of other members of its species (or even closely related species) in order to estimate coalescense/TMRCA?
Segments under Neutral selection (little or no selection acting on them)
Segments under Positive selection (that increase fitness)
Segments under Negative Selection (which lower fitness)
None of the above
Biology
Evolution
Which of the following pieces of DNA is most likely to be under a regular (although random) predictable rate of mutation, and can be used to compare to other such regions in its own genome and to such segments of DNA in the genomes of other members of its species (or even closely related species) in order to estimate coalescense/TMRCA? Segments under Neutral selection (little or no selection acting on them) Segments under Positive selection (that increase fitness) Segments under Negative Selection (which lower fitness) None of the above
How does the presence of vestigial structures support evolution? 
A. It shows that all organisms have similar body plans. 
B. It shows that organisms have descended with modifications over time. 
C. It shows that DNA is the molecule of life.
Biology
Evolution
How does the presence of vestigial structures support evolution? A. It shows that all organisms have similar body plans. B. It shows that organisms have descended with modifications over time. C. It shows that DNA is the molecule of life.
What is a scientific definition for evolution? 
A. how modern organisms descended from older organisms 
B. a group of organisms that live together and can reproduce together 
C. something based on evidence and repeated experiments that can predict the outcome of a phenomena 
D. a small change to a single organism in its lifetime
Biology
Evolution
What is a scientific definition for evolution? A. how modern organisms descended from older organisms B. a group of organisms that live together and can reproduce together C. something based on evidence and repeated experiments that can predict the outcome of a phenomena D. a small change to a single organism in its lifetime
Mortality is lowest during the young stages for
type III
type IV
type II
type I survivorship curve
Biology
Evolution
Mortality is lowest during the young stages for type III type IV type II type I survivorship curve
The concept of dysfunction is associated with which ONE of the following?
(a) Talcott Parsons
(b) Robert Merton
(c) Emile Durkheim
(d) Karl Marx
Biology
Evolution
The concept of dysfunction is associated with which ONE of the following? (a) Talcott Parsons (b) Robert Merton (c) Emile Durkheim (d) Karl Marx
3. Which ONE of the following do Connell and Messerschmidt say refers to a dominant male gender identity that defines what it means to be a 'real man', and which may encourage some men to turn to crime?
(a) Dominant masculinity
(b) Subordinate masculinity
(c) Hegemonic masculinity
(d) Assertive masculinity
Biology
Evolution
3. Which ONE of the following do Connell and Messerschmidt say refers to a dominant male gender identity that defines what it means to be a 'real man', and which may encourage some men to turn to crime? (a) Dominant masculinity (b) Subordinate masculinity (c) Hegemonic masculinity (d) Assertive masculinity
In a population of cats, the gene for spotted fur has two alleles. The dominant allele leads to spotted fur, and the recessive allele leads to solid-colored fur. Genetic tests on this population show that the percentage of the recessive allele is 0.52. What is the percentage of the dominant allele?
Biology
Evolution
In a population of cats, the gene for spotted fur has two alleles. The dominant allele leads to spotted fur, and the recessive allele leads to solid-colored fur. Genetic tests on this population show that the percentage of the recessive allele is 0.52. What is the percentage of the dominant allele?
In Atapuerca 5, early archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertal specimens show heavy wear on the incisors and canines, indicating
the use of the front teeth for gripping materials.
the chewing of massive amounts of fibrous materials.
their use for shaping the cutting edges of stone blades.
the purposeful modification of teeth to demonstrate social rank, as with the Aztecs.
Biology
Evolution
In Atapuerca 5, early archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertal specimens show heavy wear on the incisors and canines, indicating the use of the front teeth for gripping materials. the chewing of massive amounts of fibrous materials. their use for shaping the cutting edges of stone blades. the purposeful modification of teeth to demonstrate social rank, as with the Aztecs.
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
a. the greatest number of offspring.
b. characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse.
c. characteristics that plant and animal breeders value.
d. variations best suited to environmental conditions.
Biology
Evolution
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have a. the greatest number of offspring. b. characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse. c. characteristics that plant and animal breeders value. d. variations best suited to environmental conditions.
Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT
a. fitness varies among individuals.
b. more offspring are born than can survive.
c. there is heritable variation among members of the population.
d. population size is very large.
Biology
Evolution
Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT a. fitness varies among individuals. b. more offspring are born than can survive. c. there is heritable variation among members of the population. d. population size is very large.
Suppose a drought caused the local extinction of all insects, slugs and clams. This allowed the drought-resistant "deep stick bug" to grow in their absence, which lives 12 centimeters underground. Using your knowledge of the steps of natural selection and the beak variations used in this lab, explain how the change in the environment would affect the populations of birds.
Biology
Evolution
Suppose a drought caused the local extinction of all insects, slugs and clams. This allowed the drought-resistant "deep stick bug" to grow in their absence, which lives 12 centimeters underground. Using your knowledge of the steps of natural selection and the beak variations used in this lab, explain how the change in the environment would affect the populations of birds.