Ecology - Ecosystems Questions and Answers

In this study Head turns is the number of times a penguin turns its head back and forth when approached by a human and is used as an index of a penguin s response to human presence Tourist refers to penguins that nest in an area that is highly visited by tourists Undisturbed refers to penguins that nest in an area that is not visited by tourists Plasma corticosterone is a measure of the amount of circulating corticosterone in response to capture and restraint which is used to induce a stress response ACTH refers to penguins that were injected with adrenocorticotropic hormone to measure the functional capacity of the HPA axis Saline refers to penguins that were injected with a saline solution as a control Head turns 200 150 100 50 a Tourist 91 a 10 day 1 day 5 day Undisturbed of Behavioral response Figure 1 Magellanic penguins to human presence Head turns in response to 15 minutes of human presence in both tourist areas n 10 11 and undisturbed areas n Undisturbed areas were visited a total of three times on day 1 day 5 and day 10 Data are shown as mean values and error bars represent 1 standard error Bars with the same letter above them indicate statistical similarity between groups p 0 05 Walker et al 2006 1 Compare the effect of human presence on the two types of penguins shown in Figure 1 penguins nesting in tourist areas and penguins nesting in undisturbed areas a 1 point Which type of penguin tourist undisturbed or neither has a higher behavioral response to humans b 1 point Which of the following best summarizes the general effect of human presence on the behavioral response of Magellanic penguins Circle one A Undisturbed penguins have a higher behavioral response than tourist penguins no matter the amount of time that has passed B Undisturbed penguins have a higher behavioral response than tourist penguins initially but this response gets smaller over time and is not significantly different after 10 days C Undisturbed penguins have a higher behavioral response than tourist penguins initially but this response gets smaller over time and is not significantly different after 5 days D There is no significant difference in behavioral response between undisturbed and tourist penguins

G ge mil DANK Food Web Activity GR 43 Directions 1 You may work as a single or a team of 2 2 Obtain a sheet of poster paper the organism card sheets scissors and glue Be sure to put your name on the poster paper 3 Cut out all of the cards 4 You will create a food web consisting of 25 or more cards It is strongly recommended that you lay the cards down and draw in the arrows prior to gluing them down 5 Cards will be connected by arrows showing the direction of energy and matter between members of the food web Cards may have several arrows coming and going to each card 6 You must also have examples of abiotic factors producers carnivores herbivores scavengers omnivores decomposers and detritovores Each card in your food web should be labeled with their consumer category 7 Each card should also be labeled for what trophic level producers primary consumer

The caprock that supports the steep scarp in the mesa and scarp region of the U S typically consists of what type of rock O Igneous

Which of the following does not apply to logistic population growth O Growth is slowest as the population reaches its carrying capacity Growth slows as the population begins Growth is fastest at intermediate population sizes Growth speeds up as the population size approaches its carrying capacity

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement concerning logistic population growth The curve commences with fast growth The curve is shaped like an S The carrying capacity is shown in the stationary phase An equilibrium is reached

Many types of fish swim together in schools This type of dispersion would be called Uniform Clumped Community

Wolves and coyotes both eat rabbits This is an example of O mutualism commensalism Ointerspecific competition Ointraspecific competition all of the above

2 Describe how changes in the flow of energy within the hydrosphere affect climate on a local or global scale Hint Remember the water cycle is driven by energy from the Sun

The global climate is changing, and this change is apparent across many of Earth's subsystems. Multiple sources attribute the global warming of the past 50 years to human activity and influence. Activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas release carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere. These heat-trapping "greenhouse gases" have increased global temperatures and caused changes such as melting glaciers and powerful storms. These changes are happening because Earth's air, water, and land are all linked to its climate. How do you think greenhouse gas emissions and global climate will change during the next 50 years? If greenhouse gas emissions and global temperatures continue rising, what other changes might you expect to see throughout the world? Humans are working to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere, but are their current solutions going to make a big enough impact? In addition to reducing human dependence on fossil fuels, what other solutions could help combat greenhouse gas emissions and global warming?

What benefit do Cordyceps fungi gain from interacting with ants and other insects hosts, and what happens to the hosts by interacting with fungus? Please select all correct answers. Multiple answers: Multiple answers are accepted for this question Select one or more answers and submit. For keyboard navigation... SHOW MORE ✓ a Interacting with the fungus is fatal for the hosts. b Fungi gain help with spreading their spores. c Insect hosts gain more ideal envrionmental conditions. d Insect hosts gain a source of food. e Insect hosts are neither positvely nor negatively affected.

What are some of the disadvantages of aquaponic farming?

What do we call it when farmers regularly alternate the crops planted in an area? A. crop rotation B. wind breaks C. contour cropping D.agroforestry

Most species that grow early in the successional process are considered _____-selected species. A. L B. m C. B D. r

Which statement is TRUE regarding ecosystems? They are examples of ______________ A. closed systems in regards to matter. B. closed systems in regards to energy. C. open systems in regards to energy and matter. D. open systems to only matter as energy never enters them.

Which of the is a following large sink for carbon atoms? A. inorganic rocks such as granite B. ice caps and glaciers C. fossilized remains of plants and animals D. groundwater

What happens to the temperature in the various layers as you move away from earth? A. It remains constant. B. It increases steadily. C. It may decrease or increase, depending on the layer. D. It increases within each layer, then decreases again.

When a surface is impervious, it does not allow the water to percolate into the soil and into the groundwater. The water then is considered to be ______ water. A. infiltrating B. heavy C. runoff

This ocean environment is characterized by long plants that are rooted on the ocean floor but grow upwards toward the surface. A. The Kelp Forest B. Pelagic Zone C. Benthic Zone

In a population of 550 rabbits the per capita birth rate is 0.2 per year. In the upcoming year how many rabbits do you predict will be born? 22 0.00036 27500 110

If you are to write an assignment on "Protecting the Environment," which of the following would be a suitable subheading? Animals as pets Afforestation Population control

What type of interspecific interraction is present when you drive your car over an ant pile, killing thousands of ants? Hint: this may not be a "true" interraction. commensalism amensalism neutralism competition

21. How do invasive species impact native species in an ecosystem? Invasive species allow more native species to thrive. Invasive species create more biodiversity. Invasive species introduce more resources for native species. Invasive species compete with native species for the same resources.

A sea otter is considered very important in maintaining his ecosystem and food web. Changes with him will affect the ecosystem dramatically. A species such as this is called a(n) ______ A. keystone species B. VIP C. ecosystem king

When a habitat is destroyed and replaced with one species, a monoculture, this directly results in A. pesticide residue on food B. a loss of biodiversity C. algal blooms in surface waters D. increased energy use

What are the Medicare Supplier Standards and how are they distributed to the patients? Meeting Medicarea□□s Supplier Standards grants DMEPOS suppliers, such as our pharmacies, Medicare billing privileges. The Supplier Standards are posted in our Out Window; patients are also provided a web link to the Supplier Standards in the DMEPOS Statement of Patient Rights and Responsibilities. This is not applicable to DMEPOS accreditation This form does not have to be distributed to our patients Meeting Medicareâ□□s Supplier Standards grants all pharmacies Medicare billing privileges. The Supplier Standards are provided to the patient as part of all documentation with the first prescription billed to Medicare Part B.

Which element, along with other inorganic and organic elements, is especially important for chemotrophs living near deep volcanic thermal vents in the ocean? A. uranium B. helium C. sulfur

At a transform fault boundary A. plates move apart from each other very slowly. B. plates collide very forcefully. C. plates forcefully move away from each other. D. plates slide past each other in opposite directions.

Which ocean zone has high productivity and is populated by organisms that are able to withstand drastic changes in the environment because of the rising and lowering of ocean levels due to tidal changes? A. Abyssal Zone B. Intertidal Zone C. Pelagic Zone

An r-selected species will exhibit which of the following characteristics? A. wildly fluctuating population size B. specialized niche C. few large offspring D. large adults.

Which of the following is an example of a BIOTIC (living) factor that could be limiting for populations? A. climate B. lack of food C. temperature D. pH

Case I: Competition for food between two species of trout, bull trout and brown trout, led to the local extinction of bull trout. Bull trout were out competed for resources by brown trout. Case II: Competition for food between two species of barnacles, Chthamalus and Balanus, did not lead to the extinction of either species. Instead, the species both survived in the same region although the density of one of the species varied at times. From the above information, what can be inferred about the ecological niches in each case? Case I: The ecological niches of the two species were similar. Case II: The ecological niches of the two species were very dissimilar. Case I: The ecological niches of the two species were very dissimilar. Case II: Tthe ecological niches of the two species were similar. Case I: The ecological niches of the two species were similar. Case II: The ecological niches of the two species were overlapping but not completely similar. Nothing can be inferred about the ecological niches.

For every an environment, there is an upper and lower limit that governs the growth of the population. A. factor B. plant C. person D. rock

Which organism in a food web is the same as a primary producer? A. heterotroph B. autotroph C. herbivore

Which organisms in a food web feed on the primary consumers? A. primary producers B. secondary consumers C. secondary producers

Some organisms are very specific in where they can live and what they will eat. These organisms have a very specific, or narrow, niche. What do we call these organisms? Specialists Generalists

Approximately how much of the water found on Earth is salty (non-fresh)? A. 35% B. 97% C. 75%

Primary succession can occur on all of the following except a/an open water bare surface rock fire ravaged soil

coniferous forest in a cold region; taiga found along coasts: warm, dry summers and mild winters biome with very little precipitation broad-leafed trees and four seasons dominated by grasses; four seasons mixture of trees and grasses near the equator; savannah hot, wet forest biome found at the Equator very cold biome without trees a. temperate deciduous forest b. tropical rainforest c. tundra d. temperate grassland e. tropical grassland f. boreal forest g. chaparral h. desert

When a species goes extinct, its removal affects other species in the trophic hierarchy. What term did we use to categorize this type of event? Trophic crash Trophic disruption Trophic collapse Trophic cascade

Hypothetical Situation: Before rats came to Barnard, MacKenzie, Mollison, and Rowan Islands, there was a high population of ancestral rats on Baxter Island, half a mile away. Baxter Island is made of volcanic rock. The center part of the island has rolling grasslands and many shallow lakes. Hidden within the caves near the grasslands are the ferocious red foxes that prey on the island rats.

Which term refers to a significant, but short in duration, physical change or event within an ecosystem? climax deforestation disturbance succession

In a town in Mozambique, there was an overpopulation of rats. The rats were reproducing rapidly and destroying farmlands. The town's solution was to bring in a non-native cat from Malawi to control the population size of the rats. What is one consequence of introducing this non-native species? No consequences because animals move about freely and the cats would wind up in Mozambique eventually. The cat population will grow unchecked because they don't have a natural predator. The ecosystem will be altered because all non-native species are invasive. The cats will not rid the town of the rats since rats are fast reproducers.

Which of the following is FALSE about estuaries such as Narragansett Bay? Estuaries are often bordered by mudflats and salt marshes. Estuaries contain waters of varying salinity. Estuaries support a variety of animal life that humans consume Estuaries usually contain no or few producers. Estuaries support many semi-aquatic species.

Which of the following is NOT a biological community? all of the students at an elementary school all of the different species of bacteria & fungi living in & on your body all of the daffodil, hyacinth, & crocus plants blooming in my yard all of the dogs & cats living in your neighborhood all of the animals at a zoo

Saprophytes: A) decompose organic material only B) decompose inorganic material only C) decompose both organic and inorganic material D) are able to synthesize sugars from carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements considering the human body as an ecosystem is incorrect? Select one: a. The skin, the gut, and the nasopharynx are all habitats. Ob. The microbes present in dental plaque constitute a community. c. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus jensenii are populations within the vaginal community. d. An infection can be considered a habitat's response to an alteration in environmental conditions.

Which of the following observations best represents a mutualistic relationship? a. Some bacteria and fungi obtain their nutrients by enzymatically digesting larger organisms. b. Chloroplasts in green algae provide sugars for use in cellular metabolism. c. Hermit crabs utilize empty sea snail shells to protect themselves from predators. d. Flowers produce nectar that bees gather to make honey, and in the process the bees pollinate the flowers.

Matter is recycled within and between ecosystems through closed loops called biogeochemical cycles. How is this unlike how energy is passed through ecosystems? A. Energy has a multidirectional flow. B. Energy is constantly reused. C. Energy has a one-way flow.

An organism that feeds only on plants is known as a herbivore. What is another term for an organism that feeds only on plants? A. producer B. primary consumer C. secondary consumer

Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert _________. A. nitrogen gas to nitrate B. nitrite to nitrate C. free nitrogen to ammonium