Biological Classification Questions and Answers

Review the five I's of microbiology laboratory techniques by completing each sentence.
immigration
identification
intention
Inoculation
incubation
information gathering
isolation
Inspection
____involves placing a sample into a container of fresh medium.
Multiplication of an organism in a culture is promoted by ___.
Pour plating, streak plating, and spread plating are ___ methods for separating individual microbes from each other.
__ involves the observation of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of microbes in samples.
Biochemical, immunological, and genetic testing assist the microbiologist in ___ so that a final ___ can be made.
Biology
Biological Classification
Review the five I's of microbiology laboratory techniques by completing each sentence. immigration identification intention Inoculation incubation information gathering isolation Inspection ____involves placing a sample into a container of fresh medium. Multiplication of an organism in a culture is promoted by ___. Pour plating, streak plating, and spread plating are ___ methods for separating individual microbes from each other. __ involves the observation of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of microbes in samples. Biochemical, immunological, and genetic testing assist the microbiologist in ___ so that a final ___ can be made.
What does the Principle of Superposition tell us about fossils?
The younger deposits are more deeply buried while the older deposits are more shallowly buried.
Things found in the same sediment were deposited at different times.
Things found in the same sediment were deposited at the same time.
The older deposits are more deeply buried while the younger deposits are more shallowly buried.
Biology
Biological Classification
What does the Principle of Superposition tell us about fossils? The younger deposits are more deeply buried while the older deposits are more shallowly buried. Things found in the same sediment were deposited at different times. Things found in the same sediment were deposited at the same time. The older deposits are more deeply buried while the younger deposits are more shallowly buried.
Which of the following is not a nutrition assessment used by a trained health care professional?
Historical information
Physical examinations
Anthropometric measurements
Personality profile screening
Laboratory tests
Biology
Biological Classification
Which of the following is not a nutrition assessment used by a trained health care professional? Historical information Physical examinations Anthropometric measurements Personality profile screening Laboratory tests
Bacteria grown in limited amounts of nutrients will reach stationary phase when
cell divide exponentially
the bacteria die off due to lack of nutrients and wastes present
the bacteria are first introduced to the fresh nutrients
cells produced equals cells dying
Biology
Biological Classification
Bacteria grown in limited amounts of nutrients will reach stationary phase when cell divide exponentially the bacteria die off due to lack of nutrients and wastes present the bacteria are first introduced to the fresh nutrients cells produced equals cells dying
An instrument called a spectrophotometer is used
along with a Petroff Hausser chamber to count bacterial cells
to count the individual bacterial cells to measure the population
to grow bacteria and keep them in log phase
to measure the turbidity of a culture of bacteria in liquid media
Biology
Biological Classification
An instrument called a spectrophotometer is used along with a Petroff Hausser chamber to count bacterial cells to count the individual bacterial cells to measure the population to grow bacteria and keep them in log phase to measure the turbidity of a culture of bacteria in liquid media
A white male, 17 years of age presented at the emergency room with a severe headache, vomiting, and a stiff neck with pain running up his back. On admission, his temperature was 101F. The young man appeared to have trouble hearing during the nurse's interview and also seemed to have trouble concentrating. The history revealed that the young man is a wrestler for the local high school team. He had felt as though he were getting a cold the past few days, since his last meet in Hicksville. He did not smoke or drink, but he had attended a party two days earlier thrown by his girlfriend and the other cheerleaders to celebrate his victory in the sectionals. He had been holding his weight at 162 for the season, so he ate little and did not drink. On physical exam, the physician noticed several areas of small purplish spots on the skin of the back, thigh and arm. The boy thought those were from wrestling.  
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
E. coli induced meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis induced meningitis
Streptococcus pneumonae induced meningitis
Streptococcus pyogenes induced meningitidis
Biology
Biological Classification
A white male, 17 years of age presented at the emergency room with a severe headache, vomiting, and a stiff neck with pain running up his back. On admission, his temperature was 101F. The young man appeared to have trouble hearing during the nurse's interview and also seemed to have trouble concentrating. The history revealed that the young man is a wrestler for the local high school team. He had felt as though he were getting a cold the past few days, since his last meet in Hicksville. He did not smoke or drink, but he had attended a party two days earlier thrown by his girlfriend and the other cheerleaders to celebrate his victory in the sectionals. He had been holding his weight at 162 for the season, so he ate little and did not drink. On physical exam, the physician noticed several areas of small purplish spots on the skin of the back, thigh and arm. The boy thought those were from wrestling. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? E. coli induced meningitis Neisseria meningitidis induced meningitis Streptococcus pneumonae induced meningitis Streptococcus pyogenes induced meningitidis
The capsid of a virus is.
a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleic acid
a subunit of the viral cell wall
made up mainly of polysaccharides
a protein shell that surrounds the nucleic acid
Biology
Biological Classification
The capsid of a virus is. a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleic acid a subunit of the viral cell wall made up mainly of polysaccharides a protein shell that surrounds the nucleic acid
How does the protein p27 regulate cyclin/Cdk complexes?
It binds to cyclin/Cdk complexes and inhibits them.
It ubiquitinates cyclin/Cdk complexes and targets them for degradation
It is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of cyclins.
It phosphorylates and activates Cyclin/Cdk.
Biology
Biological Classification
How does the protein p27 regulate cyclin/Cdk complexes? It binds to cyclin/Cdk complexes and inhibits them. It ubiquitinates cyclin/Cdk complexes and targets them for degradation It is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of cyclins. It phosphorylates and activates Cyclin/Cdk.
Which of the following mutations would increase cell proliferation and potentially lead to cancer development?
Increased beta-catenin stability/activity
Loss of Ras expression
Loss of Bcl2 function
Increased APC (adenamotous polyposis coli) activity
Biology
Biological Classification
Which of the following mutations would increase cell proliferation and potentially lead to cancer development? Increased beta-catenin stability/activity Loss of Ras expression Loss of Bcl2 function Increased APC (adenamotous polyposis coli) activity
In the sentence below, the underlined portion is a clause. Identify the type of clause.
While the car is being fixed, we will need to take the bus.
Dependent clause
Independent clause
Non-essential clause
Biology
Biological Classification
In the sentence below, the underlined portion is a clause. Identify the type of clause. While the car is being fixed, we will need to take the bus. Dependent clause Independent clause Non-essential clause
Which characteristics work well in a dichotomous key?
smooth or rough
green or round
triangle or purple
tall or bumpy
Biology
Biological Classification
Which characteristics work well in a dichotomous key? smooth or rough green or round triangle or purple tall or bumpy
Myxococcus xanthus produces myxospores when it undergoes starvation-induced
development and fruiting body formation. These myxospores are derived from vegetative
cells:
That have not finished DNA replication and have divided after starvation begins.
That have not finished DNA replication until starvation is over.
That have finished DNA replication but have not divided after starvation begins.
That have finished DNA replication and have divided after starvation begins.
Biology
Biological Classification
Myxococcus xanthus produces myxospores when it undergoes starvation-induced development and fruiting body formation. These myxospores are derived from vegetative cells: That have not finished DNA replication and have divided after starvation begins. That have not finished DNA replication until starvation is over. That have finished DNA replication but have not divided after starvation begins. That have finished DNA replication and have divided after starvation begins.
4.9: Show What You Know Formative Assessment
U.S. v. Nixon upheld the principle of separation of powers and rule of law by stating what about the President?
The power of the President is limited.
Congress has more power than the President.
The Supreme Court could force the president to issue an executive order.
The President could declare war without the approval of Congress.
Biology
Biological Classification
4.9: Show What You Know Formative Assessment U.S. v. Nixon upheld the principle of separation of powers and rule of law by stating what about the President? The power of the President is limited. Congress has more power than the President. The Supreme Court could force the president to issue an executive order. The President could declare war without the approval of Congress.
3. Consider adding 1 g of breakfast burrito into 999 ml of water. Calculate 1,000-fold dilution for
five consecutive tubes. Explain the dilution created for each tube (A, B, C, D, and E) by using a
dilution scheme.
Biology
Biological Classification
3. Consider adding 1 g of breakfast burrito into 999 ml of water. Calculate 1,000-fold dilution for five consecutive tubes. Explain the dilution created for each tube (A, B, C, D, and E) by using a dilution scheme.
Von Holdt et al. (2008) documented population genetic structure among 200 grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Yellowstone National Park. Based on data collected in their study, the authors inferred that wolves were actively avoiding breeding with members within their packs and instead appeared to be seeking mates from other packs. The following data are a simplified representation of the authors' results for the sake of example. 
Observed numbers of individuals by genotype: 
AA - 40 
Aa - 140 
aa - 20 
a) Using this information, calculate the frequencies of each allele and each genotype documented in this study. 
b) Assuming Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, what will be the zygote frequency for the next generation of wolves? 
c) Von Holdt et al. (2008) observed non-random mating in the wolf population, which may suggest that this population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Use a chi-square analysis to determine if this population is in disequilibrium.
Biology
Biological Classification
Von Holdt et al. (2008) documented population genetic structure among 200 grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Yellowstone National Park. Based on data collected in their study, the authors inferred that wolves were actively avoiding breeding with members within their packs and instead appeared to be seeking mates from other packs. The following data are a simplified representation of the authors' results for the sake of example. Observed numbers of individuals by genotype: AA - 40 Aa - 140 aa - 20 a) Using this information, calculate the frequencies of each allele and each genotype documented in this study. b) Assuming Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, what will be the zygote frequency for the next generation of wolves? c) Von Holdt et al. (2008) observed non-random mating in the wolf population, which may suggest that this population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Use a chi-square analysis to determine if this population is in disequilibrium.
"Ahmed inoculated a culture of Staphylococcus in blood agar and after few days, he realized blood cells were lysed. The most likely type of hemolysis he observed is:
alpha
beta
gamma
all of these
Biology
Biological Classification
"Ahmed inoculated a culture of Staphylococcus in blood agar and after few days, he realized blood cells were lysed. The most likely type of hemolysis he observed is: alpha beta gamma all of these
This test determine if hydrogen peroxide (toxic) can be degraded In this test, gas might be produced and collected in a tiny tube in the media If this test is positive implies that the bacte can do aerobic respiration One of the products of this test is ammonia 
✓ [Choose ]
Oxidase
Voges Proskauer
Catalase
Starch hydrolysis
Indole production
Hydrogen sulfide
Carbohydrate fermentation
Citrate utilization
Urease
Methyl Red
Biology
Biological Classification
This test determine if hydrogen peroxide (toxic) can be degraded In this test, gas might be produced and collected in a tiny tube in the media If this test is positive implies that the bacte can do aerobic respiration One of the products of this test is ammonia ✓ [Choose ] Oxidase Voges Proskauer Catalase Starch hydrolysis Indole production Hydrogen sulfide Carbohydrate fermentation Citrate utilization Urease Methyl Red
Which of the following bacteria will never have a positive catalase test?
Obligate aerobe
Mesophile
Facultative anaerobe
Aerotolerant anaerobe
Obligate anaerobe
Biology
Biological Classification
Which of the following bacteria will never have a positive catalase test? Obligate aerobe Mesophile Facultative anaerobe Aerotolerant anaerobe Obligate anaerobe
What is the connection between these four pictures?
A. They use energy from plants.
B. They may have shared the same matter.
C. They consist mainly of new matter.
D. They contain the same amount of energy.
Biology
Biological Classification
What is the connection between these four pictures? A. They use energy from plants. B. They may have shared the same matter. C. They consist mainly of new matter. D. They contain the same amount of energy.
When a population becomes divided into two populations which do not exchange genes any longer, they may eventually
become two or more separate species. On phylotenetic trees, this event is represented as a:
a character state
branch or node
tip of a branch
polytorny
a phlogenetic tree root
Biology
Biological Classification
When a population becomes divided into two populations which do not exchange genes any longer, they may eventually become two or more separate species. On phylotenetic trees, this event is represented as a: a character state branch or node tip of a branch polytorny a phlogenetic tree root
Liza is a 48-year-old mom of three who
was
receiving radiation and chemotherapy. She
developed a
fever and stomach cramps. Shortly after she
had bouts of
diarrhea and saw what looked like small
amounts of
blood in her stool.
what kind of lab test should I take for this
patient?
Biology
Biological Classification
Liza is a 48-year-old mom of three who was receiving radiation and chemotherapy. She developed a fever and stomach cramps. Shortly after she had bouts of diarrhea and saw what looked like small amounts of blood in her stool. what kind of lab test should I take for this patient?
A young student is troubled by the idea that a bacterium is able to control its diverse and complex metabolic activities, even though it lacks a brain. How would you explain their metabolic control?
Biology
Biological Classification
A young student is troubled by the idea that a bacterium is able to control its diverse and complex metabolic activities, even though it lacks a brain. How would you explain their metabolic control?
Which of the following is NOT one of the swellings (prominences) which surround the stomodeum in a 4-5,week old embryo?
a. lateral nasal prominence
b.frontonasal prominence,
c. maxillary swellings
d. mandibular swellings
Biology
Biological Classification
Which of the following is NOT one of the swellings (prominences) which surround the stomodeum in a 4-5,week old embryo? a. lateral nasal prominence b.frontonasal prominence, c. maxillary swellings d. mandibular swellings
Your patient obtained a Vibrio cholerae infection from drinking contaminated water. The organism releases vibriobactin which is a siderophore which is a bacterial protein used to capture iron. To counter the action of this bacterial protein, your patient produces 

a. interferon
b. transferrin
c. pyogens
d. perforin
e. histamine
Biology
Biological Classification
Your patient obtained a Vibrio cholerae infection from drinking contaminated water. The organism releases vibriobactin which is a siderophore which is a bacterial protein used to capture iron. To counter the action of this bacterial protein, your patient produces a. interferon b. transferrin c. pyogens d. perforin e. histamine
When talking about the immune system, your body can be compared to a country under attack. In this analogy, what are the "soldiers" sent by your body to fight the invaders? 

A. red blood cells
B. white blood cells
C. blue blood cells
Biology
Biological Classification
When talking about the immune system, your body can be compared to a country under attack. In this analogy, what are the "soldiers" sent by your body to fight the invaders? A. red blood cells B. white blood cells C. blue blood cells
A researcher investigates a blood disease carried by birds. She isolates an organism from the blood of an infected bird. She finds that the organism is unicellular and has a nucleus, a cell wall, and the ability to produce spores. What kingdom does the organism belong to?
A protista
B. sarcodina
C. archaea
D. bacteria
Biology
Biological Classification
A researcher investigates a blood disease carried by birds. She isolates an organism from the blood of an infected bird. She finds that the organism is unicellular and has a nucleus, a cell wall, and the ability to produce spores. What kingdom does the organism belong to? A protista B. sarcodina C. archaea D. bacteria
How are mitosis and binary fission similar?
A They produce identical daughter cells.
B. They occur only in prokaryotes.
C. They involve division of nuclei as well as cytoplasm.
D. They occur only during sexual reproduction.
Biology
Biological Classification
How are mitosis and binary fission similar? A They produce identical daughter cells. B. They occur only in prokaryotes. C. They involve division of nuclei as well as cytoplasm. D. They occur only during sexual reproduction.
They have also observed the growth of plantlike organisms in the bay. Which is the most likely explanation for the results?
A. The apple orchard releases toxic chemicals into the water of the bay.
B. The nitrogen from the fertilizer makes it impossible for plants to grow.
C. The nitrogen from the fertilizer made the plants grow too quickly, which hurt the fish.
D. The plantlike organisms generate too much oxygen, which kills the fish.
Biology
Biological Classification
They have also observed the growth of plantlike organisms in the bay. Which is the most likely explanation for the results? A. The apple orchard releases toxic chemicals into the water of the bay. B. The nitrogen from the fertilizer makes it impossible for plants to grow. C. The nitrogen from the fertilizer made the plants grow too quickly, which hurt the fish. D. The plantlike organisms generate too much oxygen, which kills the fish.
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Starfish are able to reproduce both sexually and asexually. In an area of the ocean that is gradually changing due to increasing temperatures, it is more advantageous for starfish to reproduce because they will be able to
Biology
Biological Classification
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Starfish are able to reproduce both sexually and asexually. In an area of the ocean that is gradually changing due to increasing temperatures, it is more advantageous for starfish to reproduce because they will be able to
Lily visits her family doctor because she experiences an upset stomach after drinking milk. The doctor tells her that this symptom is caused by a lack of the enzyme lactase. Lactase breaks down lactose, the sugar in milk which is made of several parts. What does lactose break down into?
monosaccharides
amino acids
fatty acids
nucleotides
Biology
Biological Classification
Lily visits her family doctor because she experiences an upset stomach after drinking milk. The doctor tells her that this symptom is caused by a lack of the enzyme lactase. Lactase breaks down lactose, the sugar in milk which is made of several parts. What does lactose break down into? monosaccharides amino acids fatty acids nucleotides
During which of the following stages of thunderstorm development does precipitation begin?
Developing stage
Dissipating stage
Downdraft stage
Mature stage
Biology
Biological Classification
During which of the following stages of thunderstorm development does precipitation begin? Developing stage Dissipating stage Downdraft stage Mature stage
If a person has type B blood, which statement describes the antibodies present in his or her blood?
Only anti-A antibodies are present.
Only anti-B antibodies are present.
Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies are present.
Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies are present.
Biology
Biological Classification
If a person has type B blood, which statement describes the antibodies present in his or her blood? Only anti-A antibodies are present. Only anti-B antibodies are present. Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies are present. Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies are present.
why does blood sugar spike after
prolonged fasting is finished? and after
food has resumed?
Biology
Biological Classification
why does blood sugar spike after prolonged fasting is finished? and after food has resumed?
Which type of quote is
Sample #2?
A. a quote woven into the syntax of the writer's
own sentence structure
B. a quote that uses a tagline to introduce it
C. a quote isolated from the rest of the text
starting a new sentence, sometimes called
"quote vomit"
Biology
Biological Classification
Which type of quote is Sample #2? A. a quote woven into the syntax of the writer's own sentence structure B. a quote that uses a tagline to introduce it C. a quote isolated from the rest of the text starting a new sentence, sometimes called "quote vomit"
The diagram below represents two single-celled organisms.
These organisms carry out the activities needed to maintain
homeostasis by using specialized internal
(1) tissues
(3) systems
(2) organelles
(4) organs
Biology
Biological Classification
The diagram below represents two single-celled organisms. These organisms carry out the activities needed to maintain homeostasis by using specialized internal (1) tissues (3) systems (2) organelles (4) organs
Catabolic reactions
always energy.
A. release
B. capture
C. absorb
D. use
Biology
Biological Classification
Catabolic reactions always energy. A. release B. capture C. absorb D. use
Prokaryotes are the
only organism known
to science that has
DNA.
A. circular
B. linear
C. double helix configured
D. single stranded
Biology
Biological Classification
Prokaryotes are the only organism known to science that has DNA. A. circular B. linear C. double helix configured D. single stranded
Acetic acid is responsible for the sour taste of
vinegar. It can be manufactured using the following
reaction:
CH₂OH(g)
C=0(g)
Use tabulated values of bond energies from the
table below to estimate ΔH for this reaction.
Average Bond Energies
Biology
Biological Classification
Acetic acid is responsible for the sour taste of vinegar. It can be manufactured using the following reaction: CH₂OH(g) C=0(g) Use tabulated values of bond energies from the table below to estimate ΔH for this reaction. Average Bond Energies
A definition
paper should be
organized with
A. clear examples
B. definitions in
alphabetical order
C. the author's point.
of view and preference.
for a specific definition
Biology
Biological Classification
A definition paper should be organized with A. clear examples B. definitions in alphabetical order C. the author's point. of view and preference. for a specific definition
What cause and effect
relationship do you see in the
highlighted passage from Section
6?
A. The effect of buying a good gift for Jim is
Della crying.
B. The effect of Della not having enough
money to buy a good gift for Jim is that she
started crying.
C. The effect of Della crying is that she doesn't
have enough money to buy a good gift for Jim.
Biology
Biological Classification
What cause and effect relationship do you see in the highlighted passage from Section 6? A. The effect of buying a good gift for Jim is Della crying. B. The effect of Della not having enough money to buy a good gift for Jim is that she started crying. C. The effect of Della crying is that she doesn't have enough money to buy a good gift for Jim.
Which of the
following is the
best order to
answer your
questions?
A.
Alphabetically
B. The order given on
the test
C. Order based on
point value
Biology
Biological Classification
Which of the following is the best order to answer your questions? A. Alphabetically B. The order given on the test C. Order based on point value
Athens was the
birthplace of
A. mathematics
B. agriculture
C. religion
D. democracy
Biology
Biological Classification
Athens was the birthplace of A. mathematics B. agriculture C. religion D. democracy
In binary fission, two [?] copies of
DNA attach to opposite sides of the
cell's [? ].
A similar
B exact
C alternate
Biology
Biological Classification
In binary fission, two [?] copies of DNA attach to opposite sides of the cell's [? ]. A similar B exact C alternate
Which of the following will prevent CREB phosphorylation?
Low nuclear export of PKA.
High activation of the catalytic subunits of PKA.
High activation of a GTPase Activating Protein for Gs.
Low expression of CBP.
Biology
Biological Classification
Which of the following will prevent CREB phosphorylation? Low nuclear export of PKA. High activation of the catalytic subunits of PKA. High activation of a GTPase Activating Protein for Gs. Low expression of CBP.
In binary fission, two exact copies of DNA attach to opposite sides of the cell's [?].
A thylakoid membrane
B centrioles 
C plasma membrane
Biology
Biological Classification
In binary fission, two exact copies of DNA attach to opposite sides of the cell's [?]. A thylakoid membrane B centrioles C plasma membrane
What taxonomic group comes below the phylum? What two taxonomic names are uniquely given to ach individual organism?
a. Class. Genus and species.
b. Class. Genus and order.
c. Genus. Family and species.
d. Family. Genus and species.
e. Order. Family and genus.
Biology
Biological Classification
What taxonomic group comes below the phylum? What two taxonomic names are uniquely given to ach individual organism? a. Class. Genus and species. b. Class. Genus and order. c. Genus. Family and species. d. Family. Genus and species. e. Order. Family and genus.
Cells are in interphase 90% of the time. In a given sample of 1,000 cells, our expected value for the number in interphase would be [?], and the number NOT in interphase is expected to be 

Not enough information is provided

900

100
Biology
Biological Classification
Cells are in interphase 90% of the time. In a given sample of 1,000 cells, our expected value for the number in interphase would be [?], and the number NOT in interphase is expected to be Not enough information is provided 900 100
A biologist examines a single-celled organism isolated from a hot spring. The organism is a photosynthetic halophile that uses the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. In which kingdom should the biologist classify the organism?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Protista
D) Fungi
Biology
Biological Classification
A biologist examines a single-celled organism isolated from a hot spring. The organism is a photosynthetic halophile that uses the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. In which kingdom should the biologist classify the organism? A) Bacteria B) Archaea C) Protista D) Fungi
In a particular environments, a heritable trait which is intermediate in the phenotypic spectrum has a higher probability to survive and reproduce than other phenotypes. This is a case of
A) stabilizing selection
B) disruptive selection
C) directional selection
D) Non-random mating
E) Ideal Population
Biology
Biological Classification
In a particular environments, a heritable trait which is intermediate in the phenotypic spectrum has a higher probability to survive and reproduce than other phenotypes. This is a case of A) stabilizing selection B) disruptive selection C) directional selection D) Non-random mating E) Ideal Population
Studying the folding patterns of protein molecules can help microbiologists better understand cellular processes as well as some diseases, such as Alzheimer's, that are caused by proteins that have misfolded. The folding of these complicated molecules can be simulated on computers, but it takes a lot of processor power and time for even expensive supercomputers to do this. A group of researchers at Stanford University developed software that can be used to distribute the processing of data to anyone who is willing to donate time on their idle personal computers. As a result, the researchers have been able to achieve protein-folding simulations that are far better than those other computing methods have done. Which statement best describes the work of these researchers?
a) The work is not scientific because the data are not processed in one location.
b) The work is not scientific because the simulations are not reproducible.
c) The researchers applied creativity to solve a problem in running an experiment.
d) The researchers used only well-established scientific techniques.
Biology
Biological Classification
Studying the folding patterns of protein molecules can help microbiologists better understand cellular processes as well as some diseases, such as Alzheimer's, that are caused by proteins that have misfolded. The folding of these complicated molecules can be simulated on computers, but it takes a lot of processor power and time for even expensive supercomputers to do this. A group of researchers at Stanford University developed software that can be used to distribute the processing of data to anyone who is willing to donate time on their idle personal computers. As a result, the researchers have been able to achieve protein-folding simulations that are far better than those other computing methods have done. Which statement best describes the work of these researchers? a) The work is not scientific because the data are not processed in one location. b) The work is not scientific because the simulations are not reproducible. c) The researchers applied creativity to solve a problem in running an experiment. d) The researchers used only well-established scientific techniques.